Which part of the body comprises the axial skeleton?

• A. Skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
• B. Limbs and girdles
• C. Cranial and pelvic bones
• D. Only the vertebral column and ribs

Answer: (A)

The correct answer encompasses the primary components of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The axial skeleton serves an important role in providing support and protection for the central nervous system and the thoracic organs.

The skull protects the brain and houses the structures of the face. The vertebral column, or spine, consists of individual vertebrae that protect the spinal cord and provide structural support for the body. The thoracic cage, made up of the ribs and sternum, encases and safeguards vital organs such as the heart and lungs while also assisting in breathing mechanics.

The other choices do not accurately represent the complete composition of the axial skeleton. The limbs and girdles, for example, belong to the appendicular skeleton rather than the axial. Cranial and pelvic bones refer to structures that are either partially or wholly included in different categories, making the first choice the most accurate description of the axial skeleton's components.