Which of the following lifestyle habits can negatively affect bone repair?

• A. Regular exercise
• B. Moderate alcohol consumption
• C. Smoking
• D. Balanced nutrition

Answer: (C)

Smoking is known to negatively affect bone repair due to its detrimental impact on bone health and overall bodily function. Tobacco use has been linked to decreased bone density and can impair the healing processes of bones after an injury or fracture. The harmful chemicals in cigarettes can interfere with the cells responsible for bone formation, such as osteoblasts, and reduce the overall blood supply to bone tissue, which is essential for the delivery of nutrients and the removal of waste products.

Regular exercise, moderate alcohol consumption, and balanced nutrition, on the other hand, generally support bone health when practiced in moderation. Regular weight-bearing exercise is beneficial for maintaining bone density and promoting bone strength. Moderate alcohol consumption may not have significant negative effects on bone health for some individuals, especially when balanced with a healthy diet. Balanced nutrition is crucial as it provides the necessary vitamins and minerals, such as calcium and vitamin D, that are vital for bone repair and overall skeletal health.