Which of the following is a risk factor for osteoporosis?

• A. Male gender
• B. Young age
• C. Obesity
• D. Family history

Answer: (D)

Family history is a well-established risk factor for osteoporosis. Individuals with a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, who has had osteoporosis or fragility fractures are at an increased risk of developing the condition themselves. This genetic predisposition can result from heritable factors that influence bone density, bone structure, and overall skeletal health. Understanding one's family history can be crucial in assessing personal risk and taking preventive measures.

In contrast, male gender is generally associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis than female gender due to the effects of estrogen, which helps protect bone density. Young age is typically when bone mass is at its peak, and thus individuals in younger age brackets are less likely to be at risk. Obesity, while presenting its own health risks, does not directly correlate with an increased risk for osteoporosis; in fact, some studies suggest that higher body weight may be associated with greater bone density due to the mechanical loading of the bones.