Which of the following is a potential side effect of Estrogen hormone therapy?

• A. Hypocalcemia
• B. Increased risk of breast cancer
• C. Low blood pressure
• D. Excessive sweating

Answer: (B)

Estrogen hormone therapy is often used to manage symptoms associated with menopause and to help prevent osteoporosis; however, it is also associated with certain risks. One of the well-documented potential side effects of estrogen therapy is an increased risk of breast cancer. Clinical studies have shown that prolonged use of estrogen, particularly when combined with progestin, can elevate the likelihood of developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women. This risk is particularly concerning for patients who have a family history of breast cancer or other risk factors.

The mechanism behind this is thought to involve estrogen's role in cell proliferation within breast tissue, which can potentially lead to the development of malignant tumors. While hormone therapy can offer benefits in terms of symptom relief, careful consideration and monitoring are crucial due to these associated risks.

In contrast, the other options listed—hypocalcemia, low blood pressure, and excessive sweating—are not typically identified as major side effects of estrogen hormone therapy. Hypocalcemia refers to low levels of calcium in the blood, which is not directly influenced by estrogen therapy. Low blood pressure is not a standard concern with estrogen use; rather, hormonal therapies can sometimes affect blood pressure positively or negatively depending on individual patient factors. Excessive sweating may occur during menopause but is generally