What type of medication is often associated with decreased bone density?

• A. Calcium supplements
• B. Heparin
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Estrogen

Answer: (B)

Heparin is an anticoagulant that is frequently used in medical treatment to prevent blood clots. However, one of the side effects associated with prolonged use of heparin is a decrease in bone density. This occurs because heparin can interfere with the normal metabolism of bone, leading to reduced bone formation and possible osteoporosis over time. This effect is particularly significant when heparin is used for an extended duration, as it can lead to an increase in the risk of fractures.

In contrast, calcium supplements and vitamin D are vital for maintaining bone health. Calcium is a critical component of bone tissue, while vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption in the body. Estrogen, which plays a protective role in bone metabolism, is crucial for maintaining bone density, especially in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the use of heparin stands out as it is specifically noted for its negative impact on bone density, which is why it is the correct answer.