What type of artifact could potentially increase BMD results in the forearm?

• A. Absence of hardware
• B. Previous fractures
• C. Presence of osteoporosis
• D. Excessive soft tissue

Answer: (B)

The presence of previous fractures can create an artifact that may lead to an increase in bone mineral density (BMD) results in the forearm. When a fracture occurs, the body often lays down new bone during the healing process. This remodeling can lead to a localized increase in mineralization in the affected area, which may be measured during a bone density assessment. As a result, the BMD readings can appear higher than they actually are, potentially masking the overall condition of the bone, especially if there are underlying issues such as osteoporosis.

Understanding this relationship is crucial for interpreting BMD results accurately, as it highlights how historical trauma to the bone can affect measurements and the resulting implications for assessment and treatment.