What primary factor can enhance bone density in aging individuals?

• A. Increased sunlight exposure
• B. Physical activity
• C. Increased sugar intake
• D. Regular caffeine consumption

Answer: (B)

The primary factor that can enhance bone density in aging individuals is physical activity. Engaging in weight-bearing and resistance exercises has been shown to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass. This is because such activities place stress on the bones, prompting the body to strengthen them by increasing the density of bone mineral content. Additionally, physical activity improves muscle strength and balance, which can help reduce the risk of falls and fractures, common concerns for aging populations.

In contrast, increased sunlight exposure, while beneficial for vitamin D synthesis, does not directly enhance bone density to the same extent as physical activity. Vitamin D is key for calcium absorption, but it needs to work in conjunction with physical activity to be most effective for bone health. Increased sugar intake can negatively impact overall health and may contribute to bone loss, as high sugar consumption can lead to issues like osteoporosis in the long term. Regular caffeine consumption has mixed effects; while moderate amounts may have some beneficial effects, excessive consumption can lead to calcium loss, which is detrimental to bone density. Therefore, physical activity stands out as the most effective factor for improving bone density in aging individuals.