What is one key limitation of using WHO criteria in diverse populations?

• A. Not applicable to postmenopausal women
• B. Only applies to Caucasian men
• C. Not valid for children
• D. Limited to specific races and genders

Answer: (D)

The use of WHO criteria for diagnosing osteoporosis and assessing fracture risk does have limitations when applied to diverse populations, particularly in that the thresholds for bone density measurements may not accurately reflect the characteristics of different races and genders. The criteria were primarily developed based on data from specific populations, leading to concerns that they may not be universally applicable. Consequently, the risk factors and diagnostic criteria established may overlook variations in bone density, fracture risk, and other health parameters that vary significantly across different ethnic and gender groups.

Recognizing that bone density and fracture risks can differ markedly, it becomes critical to understand that a single set of criteria may not adequately address the nuances present in all populations. This variation could result in misdiagnosis or undertreatment among individuals who do not match the demographics that the WHO criteria were based upon.