What is cortisol's role in the body with respect to bone health?

• A. It promotes bone growth
• B. It has no effect on bones
• C. Large amounts can block bone growth
• D. It replaces growth factors

Answer: (C)

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, and it plays a significant role in various body functions, including metabolism and the immune response. When it comes to bone health, cortisol has a complex, often detrimental effect, especially when present in excessive amounts.

High levels of cortisol can inhibit the formation of bone by suppressing the function and activity of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for bone formation. It can also lead to increased bone resorption, where osteoclasts break down bone tissue, resulting in a net loss of bone density. This process can ultimately lead to conditions such as osteoporosis, characterized by diminished bone mass and increased fracture risk.

Thus, the assertion that large amounts of cortisol can block bone growth accurately reflects the hormone's negative impact on the skeletal system, emphasizing the need for a balanced level of cortisol for maintaining bone health.