What is a significant long-term effect of glucocorticoids on bones?

• A. It increases bone density
• B. It promotes new bone formation
• C. It decreases bone formation
• D. It strengthens bone structure

Answer: (C)

Glucocorticoids, which are a class of steroid hormones, have a well-documented impact on bone health, particularly in the context of long-term use. One significant long-term effect of glucocorticoids is that they decrease bone formation. This occurs through several mechanisms, including the inhibition of osteoblast function and the promotion of osteoclast activity, leading to an increase in bone resorption.

When glucocorticoids are present in high concentrations, they interfere with the signaling pathways that regulate bone remodeling. This can result in diminished new bone formation because osteoblasts, the cells responsible for creating new bone, are less active when exposed to glucocorticoids. Over time, this imbalance between bone resorption and formation leads to a reduction in overall bone density and an increased risk of fractures.

The other options, while relevant to bone health, do not accurately describe the effects of glucocorticoids. They do not promote new bone formation, increase bone density, or strengthen bone structure; rather, they have the opposite effects. This understanding underscores the importance of monitoring bone health in patients undergoing glucocorticoid therapy.