What increases fracture risk due to changes in bone structure?

• A. Trabecular thickening and density
• B. Trabecular thinning and connectivity
• C. Cortical thickening and mineralization
• D. Cortical thinning and porosity

Answer: (B)

Trabecular thinning and connectivity significantly increase fracture risk due to structural changes in the bone. Trabecular bone, also known as cancellous bone, is found mainly in the interior of bones, where it plays a crucial role in supporting weight and absorbing shock. Thinning of trabecular bone reduces its ability to support loads effectively, which compromises its structural integrity.

Moreover, trabecular connectivity refers to the extent to which trabecular struts are interconnected. A loss of connectivity leads to fewer links between the remaining trabecular elements, which reduces the overall strength of the bone. This disconnection can create areas of vulnerability, increasing the likelihood of fractures under stress, even from minor traumas. When the trabecular network becomes less dense and interconnected, the bone’s ability to withstand forces diminishes, making it more susceptible to fractures.

In summary, trabecular thinning diminishes the supportive framework, while poor connectivity exacerbates this issue, both contributing to a higher fracture risk. This understanding is crucial for assessing osteoporosis and other bone metabolic diseases where these changes occur.