What characterizes cortical bone?

• A. Porous and spongy structure
• B. Dense and hard structure
• C. Mostly found in the ends of long bones
• D. Highly responsive to mechanical stress

Answer: (B)

Cortical bone is characterized by its dense and hard structure, which provides strength and support to the skeletal system. This type of bone is found primarily in the outer layer of bones, forming a solid outer shell that protects the inner, more porous trabecular (spongy) bone. The density of cortical bone allows it to withstand significant stress and pressure, which is crucial for the overall stability of the skeleton.

In contrast to other types of bone, such as trabecular bone that has a more porous structure, cortical bone’s compact arrangement facilitates its primary role in providing support and protection. Its hardness is particularly essential for weight-bearing functions.

Additionally, while it is true that cortical bone can respond to mechanical stress, it is primarily its dense and hard character that defines it. Understanding these properties is fundamental in areas like bone health assessment and determining the implications of conditions such as osteoporosis.