In rheumatoid arthritis, what is the primary effect on joint tissues?

• A. Inflammation of membranes
• B. Decrease in bone density
• C. Increase in calcium levels
• D. Improvement in joint mobility

Answer: (A)

The primary effect of rheumatoid arthritis on joint tissues is inflammation of the membranes. In this autoimmune condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial membranes that line the joints, leading to chronic inflammation. This inflammation can cause swelling, pain, and stiffness in the affected joints. Over time, the inflammation can also damage bone and cartilage, contributing to joint deformity and loss of function.

This process of inflammation is central to the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis and is what distinguishes it from other types of arthritis. The inflammatory response can result in the formation of synovial pannus, which can invade and destroy nearby tissues, highlighting the importance of managing this inflammation to prevent further joint damage.

While there may be secondary effects related to bone density due to chronic inflammation and the use of corticosteroids, such as potential decreases in bone density, the immediate and primary consequence of rheumatoid arthritis is the inflammation itself. Changes in calcium levels or improvements in joint mobility do not characteristically define rheumatoid arthritis and are not typical effects of the disease.